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Writer's pictureFrances Hammel-Kampus

Understanding How Screens at a Young Age Impacts Brain Development

Screens are everywhere. From phones and tablets to computers and TVs - kids are spending more time in front of screens than ever before.


We believe it's important for parents to understand the potential effects of screen time on their child's developing brain. Technology has some amazing uses, but it's important to find some balance.


How Screen Time at a Young Age Impacts Brain Development

A Few Current Statistics about Screen Time & Children


With the rise of digital devices, it makes sense that kids are spending more time looking at screens. According to the Canadian Paediatric Society, there’s no evidence supporting the introduction of technology at a super early age. Screen time for children younger than 2 years isn’t recommended, except for video chatting with caring adults. And for children between 2 and 5, routine or sedentary screen use should be restricted to no more than one hour per day.


The Key Stages of Brain Development


During the first few years of life, a child's brain grows really quickly. This time is key for developing skills that will last for their entire life. During this period, the brain builds connections and understanding based on what your child sees, hears, and experiences. 

Brain development in newborns and early children is significantly impacted by interactions with caregivers and the world around them. Just like with anything else, it's important to know how certain things, like screen time, might affect development.


Positive Aspects of Screen Time


Screen time raises certain worries, but when used wisely, it can be positive!


Educational Content - Not all screen time is harmful, particularly when it includes learning materials. Educational videos and interactive learning apps can be wonderful resources for young children. They can introduce kids to numbers, the alphabet, and even different cultures. Children might pick up exciting new skills without even realizing it when they use these tools, which often makes learning fun and interesting.


Skill Development - Screen time can also support the development of problem-solving abilities and language skills. Many instructional games force children to solve problems, think critically, and make decisions, which can enhance cognitive functioning. Also, exposing children to stories and songs in videos and games can improve their vocabulary growth and understanding of language rhythm.


Negative Aspects of Screen Time


Of course, there are potential downsides to consider, especially if screen time isn't carefully monitored.


Cognitive Development Challenges - An excessive amount of screen usage can cause problems with memory, learning, and attention span. Children who spend a lot of time in front of screens may not have enough chances for play and discovery in the real world. This could decrease the chance to engage in hands-on learning, practice concentration, and recall knowledge—all of which are critical for their intellectual development.


Emotional and Behavioural Issues - Excessive screen time could impact a child's emotions and behaviour. Studies have associated high screen time with elevated levels of anxiety and aggression. Children's behaviour and mood might be affected by the content they consume, particularly if it contains violent or fast-paced images. An excessive amount of screen time can also interfere with sleep patterns since the blue light from screens throws off the body's normal circadian rhythm, making it harder to fall and remain asleep.


Physical Health Concerns - Excessive screen time can also do a number on physical health. Kids who use screens for extended periods are more likely to adopt sedentary lives, which may worsen conditions like obesity. Poor posture during screen use could also result in neck and back issues. Beyond that, extended screen time can strain young eyes, which may eventually cause pain or even vision issues.


The Science Behind The Impact


It's important to understand the science that explains how screen time affects developing brains. Excessive screen time has been linked to developmental abnormalities in the brain, particularly in areas connected to learning, memory, and attention. It has also been linked to a decrease in brain plasticity, or the brain's ability to change and develop. This may affect someone’s capacity for critical skill development and cognitive processes.


A study published in JAMA Pediatrics, a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Medical Association, found that healthy preschool children who used screens more than recommended showed less development in the brain areas that support language and early reading skills. These children also scored lower on tests related to these skills.


Balancing Screen Time with Other Activities


As we mentioned earlier, the Canadian Paediatric Society suggests restricting screen usage for children from 2 to 5 years old to no more than an hour per day. Those recommendations change as kids get older, of course. It is recommended that youth between the ages of 5 and 17 should not spend more than two hours a day engaging in recreational screen usage. These guidelines are meant to make sure that screen time doesn't get in the way of essential activities like getting enough sleep, exercising, and interacting with others face-to-face.


Screen time should be balanced with other activities for a child's overall development. Engaging in physical activity is crucial for maintaining physical and mental wellness. Playing outside, practicing sports, or doing basic exercises at home helps kids develop their motor skills and reduce stress.


Social connections are just as significant. Kids require opportunities to interact and form bonds with their peers and family members. Playdates and family game evenings are examples of in-person social events that promote emotional connections and communication skills that are not possible to replicate on screens.


Incorporating learning opportunities into everyday activities is a great way to balance screen time. Reading books, solving puzzles, and engaging in creative pursuits like crafts and drawing stimulate the mind in a variety of wonderful ways. These activities can be easily included in a child's daily schedule for a well-rounded experience.


Practical Strategies for Parents


Here are some helpful pointers for regulating screen time:


Set Limits: Follow recommendations when setting daily screen time limits. This will help kids understand the significance of striking a balance between screen time and other activities.


Establish a Routine: Set aside specified periods of time to use screens, such as after doing chores or homework. Establishing a regular schedule eases expectations and minimizes problems related to screen usage.


Encourage Screen-Free Zones: At home, promote screen-free spaces, like during meals and in bedrooms. This encourages healthy sleep habits and improved family interactions.


Choose High-Quality Content: Make sure the subject matter is age- and education-appropriate. Select shows, games, and apps that provide worthwhile educational opportunities to maximize your kids' screen time.


Model Healthy Habits: Kids generally take after their parents. So, set a good example! By modelling balanced screen use in your own life, you can help kids develop similar behaviours.


Provide Alternatives: Offer a range of screen-free entertainment options, like board games, books, and outdoor toys. This gives kids more opportunities to express their interests and creativity.


Balancing screen time for young children is extremely important for their healthy brain development and general well-being. Screen time can be beneficial for learning and skill development, but there is always a risk to one's physical, mental, and cognitive well-being. Parents can establish a well-balanced schedule that fosters their child's development by following suggested standards, incorporating a range of activities, and using practical strategies.


For support with managing screen time and creating a balanced lifestyle for your family, reach out to us or book an appointment today.

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